Different hybrids in castor

                                    Different hybrids in castor

Castor and its speciality:

          Castor is a cross pollinated crop, protogynous and wind pollinated.   Inflorescences are borne terminally on the main and lateral branches.

           The racemes of castor are monoecious with the pistillate flowers on the upper 30-50% and staminate flowers on the lower part of the inflorescence.

           Female tendency is the highest in winter, while male tendency predominates in summer and rainy seasons.

Area, production and  productivity:

             India is the largest producer of castor in the world. In India, Gujarat is a leading state followed by Andhra Pradesh.

IN INDIA : (2012-2013)

STATE	AREA       ('000ha)	PRODUCTION    ('000tonnes)	PRODUCTIVITY       (Kg / ha)
Gujarat	666	806	1210
Rajasthan	157	165	1054
Andhra Pradesh	222	150	675
Other states	51	22	424
TOTAL	1096	1143	1043

1)   Total area under castor crop in India for the year 2012-13 is 10.96 lakh hectares. It has decreased by 5% as compared to the Previous Year (11.48 lakh hectares).

2)  Estimated total production of castor seeds in India for the year 2012-13 is 11.43 lakh tones. It has decreased by 27% as compared to the Previous Year (15.76 lakh tonnes).

3)  Average yield for the year 2012-13 is 1043 Kg /ha. It has decreased by 19% as compared to the Previous Year (1373 Kg / ha).

IN TAMILNADU:(2011-2012)

STATE	AREA        ('000ha)	PRODUCTION    ('000tonnes)	PRODUCTIVITY       (Kg / ha)
Tamil Nadu	6202	1916	308.933

             

Speciality with hybrids in castor:

v   The development of N type pistillate line, N 145-4 has led to the exploitation of hybrid vigour in USA in 1950.

            

v   A 100% pistillate line TSP 10 R (Texas S- pistillate 10) was released in 1962 in USA.

v    Another stable pistillate line (NES 1) based on environmentally sensitive staminate flower character in combination with recessive sex switching gene released at Davis, California in 1964, is now used.

v    In India, Gujarat first started hybrid seed production in mid sixties.

v    First hybrid in India was released in 1968 in Gujarat as GCH3 (Gujarat castor hybrid) using TSP 10 R x JI 15. It is the  first commercial castor hybrid. Its maturity is 140-210 days.

v   Indigenous pistillate line VP 1 was developed at Vijapur and using this GAUCH was released in 1973. But it is susceptible to wilt and root rot diseases.

Hybrids and its features:

HYBRIDS	YEAR	YIELD (Kg/ha)	OILCONTENT (In Percentage)	DEVELOPED         BY	AREA OF ADOPTABILI         -TY
GAUCH-1	1976	1400	47	GAU, Junagadh.	Gujarat
GCH-2	1986	1747	47	GAU, Junagadh.	Gujarat
GCH-3	1986	1300	47	GAU, Junagadh.	Gujarat
GCH-4	1987	2000	48.5	GAU, Junagadh.	All growing areas
DCH-32	1997	1800(R) 2800(I)	49	DOR, Hyderabad.	AP, Karnataka, TN, Maharastra, Orissa, Gujarat
GCH-5	1997	1740(R) 2820(I)	50	GAU, Junagadh.	Gujarat
GCH-6	1999	1398(R) 2323(I)	48	GAU, Junagadh.	Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharastra.
PCH-1	1999	1500(R) 2000(I)	49	Angrau,   Palem.	Andhra      Pradesh
TMVCH-1	1999	1403	52	TNAU, TamilNadu.	Tamil Nadu
DCH-177	2000	1550(R) 2000(I)	49	DOR, Hyderabad.	AP, TN, Karnataka, Maharastra.
RCH-1	2002	3200- 3600	49	RAU,    Mandor.	Rajasthan
GCH-7	2006	1500(R) 2200(I)	49	GAU, Junagadh.	Gujarat
HYBRIDS	YEAR	YIELD (Kg/ha)	OILCONTENT(In Percentage)	DEVELOPED          BY	AREA OF ADOPTABILI         -TY
DCH-519	2006	2450(I)	49	DOR, Hyderabad.	All growing areas
YRCH-1	2009	1861(R)	49	TNAU,   TamilNadu.	TamilNadu

Characters of hybrids in castor:

GAUCH-1

1)     Released by state level committee

2)   Parentage : VP 1* VI 9

3)   Duration : Early duration(150-160 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Medium

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 45-50 days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 90-100 days

7)    Number of nodes to primary raceme: 12-16

8)   100 seed weight(g): 19-21g

9)   Tolerant to Premature drying

DCH-519:

1)     Released by central level committee

2)   Parentage :M-574 *DCS-78

3)   Duration : Medium duration(160-170 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Medium

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 53-92 days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 105-110 days

7)    Number of nodes to primary raceme: 11-18

8)   100 seed weight(g): 23.3-28.6g

9)   Resistant to Fusarium wilt & Leaf hoppers

       

DCH-177(Deepak):

1)      Released by central level committee

2)   Parentage :DPC -9* DCS-9

3)   Duration : Medium duration(160-170 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Medium

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 35-45days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 90-100 days

7)     Number of nodes to primary raceme: 11-17

8)   100 seed weight(g):27.8g

9)   Resistant to Fusarium wilt, lodging, Non- Shattering.

GCH-7(SHB-758):

1)     Released by state level committee

2)   Parentage : SKP-84 *SKI-215

3)   Duration :Medium duration(160-170 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Medium

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 60 days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 110-120 days

7)    Number of nodes to primary raceme: 18-22

8)   100 seed weight (g) : 28-29g

9)   Resistant to Nematode- Wilt Complex

GCH-4(SHB-18): 

1)      Released by central level committee

2)   Parentage :VP-1*48-1

3)   Duration :Medium duration(160-170 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Medium

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 50-55 days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 100-110 days

7)    Number of nodes to primary raceme: 14-17

8)   100 seed weight (g) : 28-29

9)   Tolerant to Fusarium wilt, Resistant to leaf hoppers

TMVCH-1:

1)      Released by central level committee

2)   Parentage :LRES 17 *TMV-5

3)   Duration :Medium duration(160-170 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Medium to tall

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 50-60 days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 160-170 days

7)    Number of nodes to primary raceme: 14-18

8)   100 seed weight (g) : 26.5 g

9)   Resistant to leaf hoppers And moderately resistant to grey mold diseases.

DCH-32(Deepti):

1)     Released by central level committee

2)   Parentage : LRES-17 * RES-5

3)   Duration :Early duration(150 -160 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Medium

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 30-35 days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 85-95 days

7)    Number of nodes to primary raceme: 9-13

8)   100 seed weight (g) : 27.2 g

9)   Resistant to leaf hoppers, Suitable for early and timely sown conditions

RCH-1:

1)     Released by state level committee

2)   Parentage : VP-1 * TMV5-1

3)   Duration :Medium duration(160-170 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Medium

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 45 days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 120 days

7)    Number of nodes to primary raceme: 13-17

8)   100 seed weight (g) : 26-28 g

9)   Resistant to leaf hoppers.

GCH-5(SHB-145):

1)     Released by state level committee

2)   Parentage : Geeta * SH-72

3)   Duration :Late duration(>170 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Tall

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 52-57 days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 110-120 days

7)    Number of nodes to primary raceme: 14-19

8)   100 seed weight (g) : 27-28 g

9)   Resistant to wilt & tolerant to root rot, Tolerant to jassids, white fly, capsule Borer and moisture stress.

 GCH-2(VHB-150):

1)     Released by state level committee

2)   Parentage : VP-1 * JI-35

3)   Duration :Medium duration(160-170 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Medium

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 50-55 days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 115-120 days

7)    Number of nodes to primary raceme: 15-17

8)   100 seed weight (g) : 28-30 g

9)   Resistant to root rot.

GCH -6(JHB-665):

1)     Released by central level committee

2)   Parentage :  JP -65 * JI -96

3)   Duration :Medium duration(160-170 days)

4)   Growth habitat : Medium

5)    Days to 50%flowering : 55-60 days

6)   Days to maturity (first picking) : 95-105 days

7)    Number of nodes to primary raceme: 14-17

8)   100 seed weight (g) : 33

9)   Resistant to root rot & tolerant to wilt, Resistant to lodging,
Non- shattering.

YRCH-1:

1)      Released by state level committee

2)   Parentage :  DPC-9 * TMV-5

3)   Duration :Early duration(150-160 days)

4)   15 days earlier than TMVCH -1 and 30 days earlier than GCH-4

5)    Resistant to leaf hopper

6)   Compact plant type suitable for intercropping also

7)    Suitable for rainfed and areas of limited irrigation potential because of its Short duration.